When the primary winding of a transformer is energized, the magnetic flux generated by the coil flows in the iron core.The transformer winding deformation tester consists ofa laptop and a microcontroller forming a high-precision measurement system, which is compact, easy to operate, and has relatively complete test and analysis functions. Because the iron core itself is also a conductor, an electromotive force is induced on the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. This electromotive force forms a closed loop on the cross-section of the iron core and generates a current, just like a vortex, hence it is called "eddy current". This "eddy current" increases the losses of the transformer, heats up the transformer's iron core, and raises the temperature rise of the transformer. The loss caused by the "eddy current" is called "iron loss". In addition, a large amount of copper wire is needed to wind the transformer. These copper conductors have resistance, and when current flows through them, this resistance consumes a certain amount of power. This part of the loss often turns into heat and is consumed. We call this loss "copper loss". Therefore, the temperature rise of the transformer is mainly caused by iron loss and copper loss.
Since the transformer has iron loss and copper loss, its output power is always less than its input power. For this reason, we introduce an efficiency parameter to describe this, η = output power / input power.
