How to Use the Optical Digital Relay Protection Tester:
3.3.1. Manual Test
The manual test module is the most basic and convenient test module of the relay protection tester. It is suitable for various tests. Users can freely add values of various analog quantities, and it is purely manual operation, intuitive and convenient. In this test module, users can set the parameters of each analog channel, manually control the output and change process of analog quantities to achieve the purpose of testing the test object. There are three ways to change output voltage, current, impedance, and sequence components: direct parameter input, changing step size, and holding button.
(1) Setting input mode: includes six parameter input mode selections: phase voltage and current (L-N), line voltage and phase current (L-L), sequence components, impedance, power, and DC. The voltage and current angles are referenced to the horizontal zero degree in polar coordinates, with counterclockwise lead (such as the first quadrant) as positive angle, and lag (such as the fourth quadrant) as negative angle. The magnitude or sign of the voltage or current angle cannot determine the direction of the current. The direction of the current is defined with voltage as the reference, looking at the phase relationship between current and voltage. Generally, the line impedance angle is defined as Phi=600 (such as the impedance angle of a 35kV line), then the relationship between voltage and current in a 900 wiring is , which is judged as the positive direction. Voltage leading current is a positive angle, and current leading voltage is a negative angle. Pay attention to the difference when using them.
(2) When the input mode is selected as impedance, two impedance expression methods are provided: polar coordinate complex plane method (impedance magnitude Z, impedance angle Phi, inductive impedance angle Phi greater than zero, i.e., positive angle) and rectangular coordinate complex plane method (resistance R, reactance X). The calculation formulas correspond to two impedance measurement methods (constant current, constant voltage).
(3) Fault type: select one fault type from the given four phase-to-phase faults (A-B, B-C, C-A, and A-B-C) and six ground faults (A-E, B-E, C-E, A-B-E, B-C-E, C-A-E) (E represents ground fault).
(4) Use the operation interface buttons to achieve increment, decrement, and hold of the output quantities.
(5) The fault type, input mode, and voltage and current output quantities are intelligently linked to prevent unnecessary and meaningless parameter input.
(6) The relationship between the output quantities before and after the manual test simulated fault is expressed with a timing diagram, taking the current protection test as an example as shown in the figure below. From point a to point b is the holding time of the initial value. At point b, the current value increases by one step. From point b to point c is the holding time under that value. At point d, the current value increases by another step. Assuming the action value is reached at this moment, after the action time of the current relay (when the test end mode is selected as end after action, the test terminates), the current will decrease at point e to test the return value. As shown in the figure, assuming the return value is reached at point f, and the relay returns at point g, then the time between f and g is the return time.
3.3.2. Optical Digital Relay Protection Tester Trigger Test
The trigger test is mainly used for tests that require continuous output of several different state quantities, such as outputting a sequence of three states: pre-fault - fault - post-fault (select normal mode). If there are multiple states, you can select custom mode. In this custom mode, users can edit their own state sequences as needed, and can conveniently define up to 250 states for state sequence flow and testing, and provide the ability to jump between states based on time or binary input conditions. Through this module, various power system fault conditions can be simulated to achieve the purpose of verifying and detecting protection devices. The trigger test is equivalent to multiple definable manual tests.
3.3.3. Optical Digital Relay Protection Tester Ramp Test
When testing the action value, return value, return coefficient, and action time of the protection, the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the voltage and current output by the tester increase or decrease according to the step size and change time set by the user. The ramp quantity is increased or decreased from the previous ramp value to the next ramp value.
(1) Output two groups of definable test signals (Signal 1 and Signal 2):
① Signal 1 defined quantities: voltage, current, frequency, impedance, sequence components, etc.
② Signal 2 defined quantities: voltage, current, frequency.
(2) Select output fault: automatically switch and select the required fault type based on the output quantity.
(3) Change mode: the change mode of the output quantity.
① Start-End: the output quantity changes from the initial value to the final value, with the change waveform being a square wave step up or down.
② Start-End-Start: the output quantity changes from the initial value to the final value as the first state change (simulating fault relay action), then changes from the final value back to the initial state (simulating fault removal relay return). Both initial and final values can be custom input.
③ Sawtooth: the output quantity changes from the initial value to the final value in a sawtooth pattern.
(4) Status bar parameters directly input initial value, final value, change amount, time, etc.
(5) Channel: determine the output quantity (voltage, current, impedance, sequence components, etc.).
(6) Fault type: cooperate with output variables and channels to output variables corresponding to the selected fault type.
3.3.4. Optical Digital Relay Protection Tester Pulse Ramp Test
Unlike the ramp test, in the pulse ramp test, each time the output quantity of the tester increases, it goes from the initial value to the ramp value, or the ramp value decreases to zero.
Schematic diagram description of the optical digital relay protection tester pulse ramp test:
1- Reset voltage: after reset, the starting voltage of each pulse output, such as starting from 20V;
2- Starting point voltage: the starting voltage of the pulse ramp, such as 5V;
3- The first simulated fault output voltage drops from 20V to the starting voltage of 5V, with a fault time of 1s; the second simulated fault output voltage drops from 20V to the starting voltage of 15V, with a change amount △ of 10V, and a fault time of 1s;
4- Fault time, such as 1s;
5- Reset time, such as 2s;
6- End point voltage: the end voltage of the pulse ramp, such as 70V.
3.4. Test Steps
After entering the test interface, users can start setting up the test. The operation steps can usually be divided into 6 major steps, in the following order:
① Network parameter settings: set the settings or parameters of the relay protection device related to the power system;
② Relay model selection and related setting value settings;
③ Test settings: set test parameters and edit test items;
④ Start test: start the test;
⑤ Result viewing: view the result data of this test;
⑥ Report generation: generate a test report based on the results.
Section 4 Optical Digital Relay Protection Tester Current Protection Test
4.1. Test Scheme
4.2. Optical Digital Relay Protection Tester Test Method
Select the manual test module [1] to measure the action value and action time. The output current can be changed in the following three ways.
(1) Directly input parameters to output the corresponding test value.
(2) Change step size
Select the step size option after each change parameter, and set the change step size for each variable (the step size can be positive or negative), then each time you click the increase/decrease button, the output will change according to the step size.
(3) Use the hold button
Press the hold button, and at this time you can set all the parameters in the analog input area. During this process, all changes are different from method (1). Only after the settings are completed, press this button again, and the tester will output according to all the set parameters.
4.3. Operation Interface
4.4. Optical Digital Relay Protection Tester Parameter Settings
(1) L-N input view: use AC phase voltage and phase current to set the output parameters of the analog quantities.
Note: When the fault type is set to "any" type, in order to improve user convenience, some right-click menu functions (copy, cut, paste, etc.) are added.
(2) L-L input view: use AC line voltage and line current to set the analog quantity parameters to be output.
4.5. Optical Digital Relay Protection Tester Test Example
4.5.1. Test Item
Protection model: DL-3
Test item: action current and action time of the current relay
Protection settings:
4.5.2. Test Wiring
4.5.3. Optical Digital Relay Protection Tester Parameter Settings
(1) Setting value settings
① Test mode: manual test.
② Set input mode: select L-N.
③ Initial current value: set to 1.500A, less than the action value.
④ Current step value: 0.1A.
⑤ Step time: 1s.
⑥ Voltage setting: this relay does not require additional voltage, no need to set.
(2) Binary input settings
① Set the contact logic relationship to logical OR.
② Select contact 1.
③ Select the test end mode as end after action.
4.5.4. Test Results
